Thanks to MedIQ CME and Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine. This activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk.
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Living with type 2 diabetes (T2D) presents unique challenges, including an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most prevalent comorbidities of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the primary cause of death in patients with T2DM.
This is because diabetes impacts blood vessels and heart function. However, there’s good news: new strategies, medications, and lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the risk of CVD for people with T2D.
The first step of doing better, is knowing more.
In This Article
The T2D and CVD Connection
CVD risk varies among people with T2D based on additional risk factors like high blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and family history.
Younger patients with T2D may have a lower risk if they don’t have other conditions, but as we age, CVD risk increases, especially when we accumulate additional risk factors.It’s important to understand that CVD can present in different ways.
Aside from heart disease and stroke, heart failure and atrial fibrillation (AFib) are also common complications that may arise from living with T2D. So, what can we do to stay informed and empowered in our healthcare journey?
Talking to Your Healthcare Provider
One of the best ways to lower your risk is to have open conversations with your healthcare provider.
Ask about the key markers of CVD, such as your cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and microalbumin levels.
Be sure to inquire about your family’s heart health history, as it can provide clues about your own risk. Starting these conversations can be the first step toward understanding and reducing your cardiovascular risk.
Medications That Do More Than Lower Blood Sugar
Many people with T2D are unaware that certain diabetes medications can do more than just lower glucose levels—they can also protect against heart disease and stroke.
Two classes of drugs, GLP-1 RAs (glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists) and SGLT-2 inhibitors (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors), have been shown to reduce CVD risk in people living with T2D.
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) now recommends these medications for patients with T2D who have risk factors for heart disease and stroke.
But remember, medication is only part of the equation. Physical activity, diet, and other lifestyle factors are crucial for managing your heart health.
Lifestyle Maintenance and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
While medications are crucial in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, adopting heart-healthy lifestyle habits is equally essential. Here are three key lifestyle factors to focus on:
- Physical Activity Regular exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve heart health, lower blood pressure, and reduce cholesterol. Studies show that engaging in 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week can significantly reduce cardiovascular events in people with T2D.
- Balanced Diet Following a diet rich in whole grains, lean proteins, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats (like the Mediterranean diet) can promote heart health by improving cholesterol levels and supporting blood sugar control. The PREDIMED trial, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, showed that the Mediterranean diet can significantly lower the risk of major cardiovascular events.
- Stress Management Chronic stress has been linked to higher blood pressure and poor heart health. Incorporating relaxation techniques like meditation and yoga can help reduce stress and support heart health.
- Work with a Board Certified Health Coach You don’t have to go at your health goals alone. Working with a Health Coach can help you shift your mindset, go back to the basics, and plan out your way forward.
Your feedback can help improve future resources and empower people with diabetes to make informed decisions about their heart health.
